• Read more about 10 Tips For Open Source Citizens

This post is part of a series called Open Source Citizenry in which we discuss ways to eliminate the barriers that developers and companies face to fully participating in the open source community.

You might think there's not really anything to being a good user of open source. Install the library, use it how you need it, and move on. And honestly, for the most part that's a fine thing to do. But if you want to be more than one of the silent users, if you want to help the projects you use just by using them, there are lots of ways to do it. You could become a vital part of pushing forward your favorite open source projects without ever altering a single line of code.

Ultimately, being a good open source citizen is about respecting what open source is, how it's made, and how you can help. Open source software is made by many; that's its beauty and its curse. If you can help bring more order to the naturally chaotic development process by adding documentation, fielding support requests or even just encouraging maintainers to keep going, you are becoming a vital part of the open source ecosystem and helping it to grow.

• Read more about You Should Be An Open Source Developer

This post is part of a series called Open Source Citizenry in which I discuss ways to eliminate the barriers that developers and companies face to participating in the open source community.

Last week at Red Dirt Ruby Conf, a tweet came through my stream that seemed to fit quite well with what I was already thinking about for my Open Source Citizenry post this week:

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There are still too many developers who work with Open Source and not enough Open Source developers.less than a minute ago via Echofon Favorite Retweet Reply Mike Perham
mperham

In last week's post I tried to give some insight as to why open source is important for companies. This week, I'll be looking at the other end of the spectrum: why should you, as a developer, actively contribute to open source? For some, the answer to this question feels natural; however, for many developers the idea of contributing to open source can be daunting, confusing, and somewhat frightening.

It Will Help You Land Your Next Job

Are you unsatisfied with your current job? If you are, it's a great reason to start contributing to open source. If you're stuck using a language or framework that you don't enjoy, or a development practice that you don't believe in, it's practically imperative that you begin contributing to open source. Why, you ask?

Because the person that is in charge of hiring at the kind of company you really want to work at is going to be looking at an applicant's open source contributions as a way to gauge talent. The more (good) open source you release, the closer you will be to getting your dream job before you've even had an interview.

Open source contributions are a fantastic way to evaluate incoming employees. The very first thing I do when I'm evaluating a potential hire at Intridea is look them up on GitHub. That's not to say that we don't hire people who haven't done much in the way of open source contribution (there's more to the hiring process than a single factor). However, I can say that I am going to be much more adamant in my arguments to hire a person if I can see the way their mind works from the open source projects they've released.

You Will Write Better Code

Open source is open to the entire world. Everyone can see what you're writing. If you think this doesn't have an effect on your willingness to take hacky shortcuts, you're very wrong. Not only does the mere fact that it's open source make you write your best code, but open source also helps you to think about your problem domain from a wider perspective.

As I released more and more open source projects, I began to have a kind of Spidey Sense for when something would make a good abstraction. When I'm architecting a project I'm already thinking about how certain pieces could be built in a modular way to maximize reusability. Even if these pieces don't end up getting released as open source they are still useful extractions that get used in other projects down the road. The concept of building code for a community instead of just for an application makes the work more enjoyable.

Reputation is Real

For a software developer there are essentially two paths to extremely enviable positions of respect in the community: either you can be the tech genius behind a multi-billion dollar startup or you can release open source projects that thousands (not millions) of developers find useful. Guess which one is easier to accomplish?

Reputation isn't just about vanity, either. Sure, it can feel good to have someone say "Oh cool, I've used X!" when they meet you, but building a reputation brings real benefits for you:

1. If you love your company, your company is automatically more respected because you're a part of it if you have a good reputation.
2. You'll get the chance to meet, talk to, and learn from the people that you respect. Not that these people are otherwise inaccessible, but having your own "known" libraries gives you some common ground to strike up conversations, get input, and become a better developer.
3. It will get you hired at awesome places. See above.
4. You will get help when you want it. If you have a good reputation and embark on a new project you'll be able to round up volunteers more quickly if you're a known entity.

It can occasionally feel shallow or awkward (at least to me) to be thinking about and concentrating on my reputation in the community. However, look at it another way: open source reputation is built on real, honest-to-goodness work that is making people's lives easier. And if you start releasing bad code, guess how long that reputation will stick around? Reputation is simply a measure of the respect that others have for you based on the merits of your code. And that's not a bad thing.

That Warm Fuzzy Feeling

It just plain feels good to contribute to open source. The rush you get the first time (as an example) your patch is accepted into a major open source project is exciting. Seeing people using and talking about a library that you wrote is awesome. Hearing that some company that you really admire is using one of your libraries internally is amazing.

Open source feels good because it is good. You are offering value to a community of people free of charge, and in return you get to feel good about yourself and enjoy what you're doing. Don't be afraid to pat yourself on the back (maybe not too hard) for getting code out there. It's more than most people do, and even if only ten developers ever find it useful, that's ten people that saved hours or days of work because of something you did. And that's a warm fuzzy feeling.

Standing on the Shoulders of 1,000,000 Dwarves

Open source is amazing because it doesn't rely on the herculean efforts of a single person or even a few people. Open source is about thousands of people contributing tiny useful things that thousands of other people can build upon. It's not about building the biggest boat, it's about making the entire ocean rise. Each and every person who contributes to open source is making a difference to the ecosystem as a whole, and the more people that get involved the better the whole system works together. There can never be too many open source developers.

Barriers to Contribution

I think it's relatively clear to most developers why open source contribution is a good thing. Additionally, I think there is something intrinsic to the developer's mindset that drives us to crave the scrutiny and the ups and downs of publicly available code. So why doesn't everyone write lots of open source? Here are a few reasons with my responses:

1. I'm not good enough to release open source. Poppycock! My first open source release was literally forking another project and hacking at it until it did something I wanted it to do that it didn't do before. I had no idea what I was doing. I still don't, most of the time, and I've released dozens of open source projects.
2. People will think I suck because my code sucks. Nope, people will ignore your project if your code sucks. That's the worst case scenario. And, to be honest, if you're solving a problem that other people haven't solved, they'll probably use your code even if it sucks. And then they'll patch it so it doesn't suck anymore. Wins all around.
3. How do I even do it? It seems complicated. It's not, especially in the GitHub era. If you want to know how to do something, find a project that does something similar and steal their execution. Just steal and steal from everyone until you understand it well enough to forge your own path.
4. I don't have enough time! Find a way to make time! Identify a piece of your existing app code that other people would find useful and extract it out. This cuts your open source time down to abstraction instead of creation. Work on open source for half an hour a day. Convince your company to sponsor some open source time for employees. Contribute small patches to the libraries that you use on a regular basis. Where there's a will, there's a way.

I could go into detail and examples on each of these points (please feel free to ask me sometime), but the point is that whatever you think is holding you back from contributing to open source, the reality is much less frightening. Your first project will be the hardest to get out the door, but it gets exponentially easier each time after that.

In coming articles in the series, I'll talk specifically about how to be a good open source user, how to be a good contributor, and how to be a good project owner. But if you only needed a tiny push to start getting involved, hopefully I was able to supply it. Please feel free to discuss anything related to open source contribution in the comments, I'd be happy to lend what knowledge I have to the service of getting everyone more involved!

Open Source Citizenry Series

1. Why Open Source Company Culture is Important
2. Why You Should Be An Open Source Developer

• Read more about Why Open Source Company Culture is Important

This post is part of a series called Open Source Citizenry discussing ways to eliminate barriers developers and companies face to participating in the open source community.

Earlier this month I had the opportunity to speak at KCRuby about a topic of my choosing. Rather than use the opportunity to put together a trial run of my upcoming Red Dirt Ruby talk, I decided at the last minute to talk about something that's been on my mind for a long time. While open source participation is higher than it's likely ever been, I still see so many people too hesitant, confused, or intimidated to enter the open source community and start releasing. So I wanted to give a cheerleader talk about how everyone can and should be contributing to open source. You can see the showoff slides here, but I think the issue is important enough to merit a larger discourse. This is the first post in a series in which I will be writing about how and why every developer should participate in the open source community. First up, I aim to supply developers everywhere with some ammunition to bring open source culture to their company.

Why Open Source Company Culture is Important

Companies have many ways to benefit from an open source culture. While many arguments can be made about the philosophical implications of choosing to contribute to the open source community, at the end of the day philosophy isn't going to persuade any CEO to adopt open source. The real reason that open source culture is important to a business is because it's a business decision that can bring many real-world advantages over the proprietary-focused alternatives.

Defining Open Source Culture

There are many degrees of "openness" in a company's culture, just as there is a whole spectrum of licensing that is considered "open source" but can have vastly different ramifications for downstream users. Personally, I believe that many companies would benefit from embracing open source as a core aspect of their corporate identity. To me, fully embracing open source means changing the default. Rather than building things and thinking "Should we open source it?" the assumption should be that yes, we will open source it unless there are compelling reasons to avoid doing so.

This is a big leap for a company to take, and I don't think many are there. We recently acquired RefactorMyCode, and rather than simply taking it over and continuing with it as a product we decided to additionally open source it. There aren't a ton of reasons why open sourcing would necessarily be a huge win for Intridea, but there are even fewer reasons why it wouldn't be a good idea. It's a community-oriented project, it doesn't contain any kind of magic voodoo patentable algorithm, and we can give the public the chance to refactor RefactorMyCode.

It Leads to Better Code

You may run a tight ship when it comes to code quality and you may even have excellent processes in place to ensure that the code that you deliver is well-tested and sanity-checked before it ever reaches production. However, there is simply no review process that can compare to the power of opening up source code to the world at large and letting them take a look. The code quality bump is due to two primary reasons:

1. Developers building things for open source know that anyone in the world can look at the code they're writing. It will make them less likely to take easy shortcuts at the expense of good code.
2. Other people will start using your code way off the golden path you imagined when you designed it. This will cause your architecture to evolve to be more flexible, useful, and hardened.

I know that in many cases I've had to rewrite large sections of a project because the community use cases have revealed a superior architecture that will encompass a broad range of functionality. I then benefit from this architecture when I need a similar solution in the next project I'm working on for my company.

You Get Work For Free

This is probably the most commonly cited advantage of open source: once you build a community, the community gives you free bug fixes and feature updates without you having to code a single line! This is a real advantage, especially when there is a wide-open field for community addition (such as adding new strategies to my OmniAuth library).

Of course, you need to have a workable community involvement process before you can really reap the benefits of contribution. Thanks largely to GitHub, this process has never been easier, but there are still some things to keep in mind that I'll cover in a later post.

Your Developers Will Be Happier

There's a real sense of accomplishment that comes from releasing and contributing to open source. It makes your developers feel like they're giving back, becoming a real member of the development community, and investing themselves more in the craft of software development. The same can be said of encouraging developers to attend local meetups relevant to the field and conferences.

Why do you care about happier developers? Well, every company should care about happy employees, but software development is a black magic mix of science, artistry, and craftsmanship. While some work can be done by "forcing it", a good deal of that work requires inspiration and passion, something you won't be getting out of developers that feel stifled and isolated from the development community at large.

You Will Attract Better Talent

If your company becomes known as one that embraces open source and community involvement, you will begin to attract better talent when it comes time to hire. Sure, having a killer product, good benefits, competitive pay, and many more things affect this strongly as well. But the chance to be involved in open source without having to do so by moonlighting is a chance that is very attractive to the kinds of developers you want to have working at your company.

Open source is synonymous with credibility for many developers. The more well known your company is for having great open source, the higher you rank amongst the development community. It really is that simple.

You Will Gain General Technical Credibility

This may be more applicable to service-oriented companies that do consulting, but in some cases your portfolio of open source projects can be the validation your company needs to win a bid for a client. Intridea has won clients before when they check with their technical expert and he or she confirms "hey, I've heard of that company, they released X".

All of these reasons come about because contributing to and participating in the open source community changes the perception of your company for developers, customers, and other businesses alike. While a company that rabidly protects every scrap of its software might be seen as greedy or, well, basically "jerks", companies that embrace open source foster a general sense of well-being about them that is difficult to define but something that I've definitely experienced personally.

The Flip Side: Addressing Arguments for Proprietary Software

So if, as a developer, you've just made your pitch to the higher-ups to embrace open source, you might receive any of these as (valid, by the way) concerns about being more "open" as a company.

1. But we're a software company, aren't we giving away our most valuable assets? Nope. Well, maybe if you have a completely novel complex algorithm that solves a problem in a game-changing way, but the truth is that most software isn't some "secret sauce" that can't be duplicated by competitors. On the contrary, even with high-level tools and environments at the end of the day a good deal of software development is re-inventing the wheel. The more everyone is involved in open source, the fewer wheels have to be re-invented.
2. We're on a deadline, we don't have time for open source. This can be one of the biggest challenges to overcome. I'm not going to lie, supporting open source projects does take time and effort. However, think of it as a tradeoff: by putting in some time and some effort to maintain an open source project, you are gaining all of the free hours of community contribution.
3. What if people look at the code and think it's awful? Well, then you're learning a valuable lesson about the code quality you're producing and you'll probably be able to identify ways to improve it. Open source projects without tests, with brittle "golden-path" architectures, and even well-intentioned projects that are simply tackling a tough domain are probably going to get some flak. But being wrong isn't nearly as damaging to your company as being ignorant of the practices that you should be using every day.

This post (and this blog series) is more about starting a discussion than providing definitive answers. I'm not saying I know exactly what your company's needs are, but I do believe that embracing open source will do more good than harm. If you have any questions, comments, or rotten produce to throw, feel free to start some discussion below. Stay tuned for the next post in the series where I'll be talking about the benefits to individuals in contributing to open source. And if you're interested in checking out some of the open source work that Intridea has done, hit our Github page.

1. Why Open Source Company Culture is Important
2. Why You Should Be An Open Source Developer